Most people who develop ARDS are already hospitalized for another condition, and many are critically ill. Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), massive blood transfusions and burns. People who have severe COVID-19 may develop ARDS. Accidents, such as falls or car crashes, can directly damage the lungs or the portion of the brain that controls breathing. Severe cases of pneumonia usually affect all five lobes of the lungs. Breathing high concentrations of smoke or chemical fumes can result in ARDS, as can inhaling (aspirating) vomit or near-drowning episodes. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, a serious and widespread infection of the bloodstream. Severe illness or injury, however, can cause damage to the membrane, leading to the fluid leakage of ARDS. Normally, a protective membrane keeps this fluid in the vessels. The mechanical cause of ARDS is fluid leaked from the smallest blood vessels in the lungs into the tiny air sacs where blood is oxygenated. The alveoli are surrounded by the alveolar-capillary membrane, which normally prevents liquid in the capillaries from entering the air sacs. Inhaled air passes through tiny ducts from the bronchioles into elastic air sacs (alveoli). Ventilation may exceed perfusion in parts of the lung resulting in increased physiological dead air space.Your bronchioles are some of the smallest airways in your lungs. Air may reach the periphery of the lungs but fail to make contact with the capillary blood. The alveoli become permanently damaged (see video above).This is why breathlessness and fatigue are common symptoms of COPD. This extra effort can make the patient feel very tired. However, this does not mean that your oxygen levels are low because the breathing muscles around the chest are working harder to compensate. The respiratory muscles then have to work harder to get air in and out of your lungs.As the lungs become hyper-inflated they elongate and flatten, which means the diaphragm does not work as well as it should. As a result, air gets trapped in the lungs and the lungs get bigger (hyper-inflated). These changes cause the air sacs (alveoli) to close before you have fully exhaled. In emphysema, exposure to an irritant over many years causes an inflammation in the lungs which causes the following changes: Please note there is no audio for this animation
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